The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 64, Issue 1 18-27, Copyright © 1982 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Anterior stabilization for acute fractures and non-unions of the dens
J Bohler
The dens can be reached and directly stabilized from an anterior cervical
approach, provided that x-ray image intensification is employed. Through
this approach, twelve delayed unions and non-unions of the dens were
treated with a bone graft impacted into a trough in the body of the second
cervical vertebra and into a canal in the dens, together with a concomitant
posterior arthrodesis. Fifteen additional fractures of the dens were
stabilized with compression screws, introduced from the anteroinferior
margin of the second cervical vertebra into the dens. Four of these
fractures had delayed union, and an anterior onlay bone graft was added to
the screw fixation. All of the delayed unions, non-unions, and acute
fractures healed with bone union and without major complications. The acute
fractures showed bone union in six to eight weeks after anterior fixation
with compression screws alone. Delayed unions were found to need an
anterior onlay bone graft in addition to the screw fixation. Established
non-unions should be stabilized with a posterior arthrodesis of the first
to the second cervical vertebra and inlay grafting of the non union itself
to ensure both anterior and posterior healing.