The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 60, Issue 2 186-190, Copyright © 1978 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Factors influencing manual muscle tests in physical therapy
JA Nicholas, A Sapega, H Kraus and JN Webb
To determine whether it is the amount or the duration of the force applied
manually by the tester, or both, that determines the tester's perception of
the strength of the hip flexor or abductor muscles, an electromechanical
device was designed which was placed between the tester's hand and the
subject's limb. With the device we measured the force applied to the limb,
the time interval during which it was applied, and the angular position of
the limb during the entire test. In 240 such tests, the testers' ratings of
the differences in strength between the right and left sides were
correlated with seven variables involving force and time. It was found
statistically that the impluse--that is, the duration of the tester's
effort multiplied by the average applied force during each test--was the
factor that most influenced the tester in the ratings.