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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 59, Issue 8 1068-1076, Copyright © 1977 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
Survival of articular cartilage after controlled impact
RU Repo and JB Finlay
Survival characteristics of forty-three specimens of living human bone and
articular cartilage from the knees of eight renal-transplant donors were
studied, using a drop-tower device. Autoradiography and light and scanning
electron microscopy revealed no evidence of chondrocyte death or structural
damage until stress levels of twenty-five newtons per square millimeter
were reached, corresponding to strains on the order of 20 to 30 per cent
and involving energy absorption of one millijoule per cubic millimeter. The
data for strain rates of 500 and 1000 s-1 suggest that impact loads
sufficient to fracture a femoral shaft of an automobile occupant are nearly
sufficient to cause chondrocyte death and fissuring in the articular
cartilage of either the knee or the hip if the load-bearing areas measure
less than 500 square millimeters.
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