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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 58, Issue 8 1074-1082, Copyright © 1976 by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc
The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and Rhesus monkeys
FR Noyes and ES Grood
The mechanical properties of anterior cruciate bone-ligament-bone specimens
from humans and rhesus monkeys were determined in tension to failure under
high strain-rate conditions. The age range of the human specimens was from
sixteen to eighty-six years. The values fro human specimens obtained from
young adults with regard to elastic modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and
strain energy to failure were approximately two to three times those for
specimens from humans in the sixth decade and older. The major mode of
failure was ligament disruption in the specimens from young adult humans
and avulsion of bone beneath the ligament insertion site in the specimens
from older humans. The difference in mode of failure correlated with
histological observations of decreased bone mass at the site of ligament
attachment in the specimens from older humans. Rhesus monkey specimens had
higher values for elastic modulus, failure stress, and strain energy.
Significant reductions in strength and stiffness properties of ligament
units were shown to occur with advancing age to a greater degree than
expected. All experiments in which specimens from older human cadavera are
used should be interpreted with caution when the results are applied to
mechanisms of ligament failure for younger or athletic individuals.
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